2020年高考英语专项突破:动词的时态和语态
高考延期一个月,同学们有更充分的时间备考了,快来牢牢的夯实基础吧。今天,给大家带来的是2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破:动词的时态和语态。
04动词的时态和语态
I.单项填空
1.【2019·江苏】22.The musician along with his band members___________ten performances in the last three months.
A.gives B.has given C.have given D.give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician,为第三人称单数形式,句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏】29.A few months after he had arrived in China,Mr.Smith___________in love with the people and culture there.
A.would fall B.had fallen C.has fallen D.fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:他到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A.will install B.will have been installed C.are installed D.have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选B。
4.【2019·天津】2.I__________to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldn't manage it.
A.had hoped B.am hoping
C.have hoped D.would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的,可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时,它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
5.【2019·天津】8.Amy,as well as her brothers,____________a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A.is given B.are given
C.was given D.were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时,排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语,谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy,她受到热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
7.【2018·北京】1.—Hi,I’m Peter.Are you new here?I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello,Peter.I’m Bob.I just_________on Monday.
A.start B.have started C.started D.had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:——嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C选项正确。
8.【2018·北京】4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and_________as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A.is working B.was working
C.has worked D.had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前,had quit是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”,且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知,Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
9.【2018·北京】7.China’s high-speed railways_________from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A.are growing B.have grown
C.will grow D.had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
10.【2018·北京】9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who_________in the mountains for two days.
A.are trapping B.have been trapped
C.were trapping D.had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who___in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修饰two tourists,two tourists和trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。
11.【2018·天津】13.My washing machine___________this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A.was repaired B.is repaired
C.is being repaired D.has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
12.【2018·江苏】31.Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for we_______more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A.have developed B.had developed
C.will have developed D.developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:希望在2025年,我们不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025,可知用将来时;再根据时间状语by then到那时,可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
13.【2018·江苏】30.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan_______in the past two years.
A.had been carried out B.would be carried out
C.is being carried out D.has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
14.【2017·天津】8.I________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A.was driving B.have driven C.would drive D.drove
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现我走错路了。根据固定句型:was/were doing sth+when(suddenlu)did...句意:正在做某事,就在这时(那时)突然,根据句意,故选A。
【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。:was/were doing sth+when(suddenlu)did...这时一个常用固定句型,是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一,词句型还有另外两种结构:was/were about to do+when did;had done+when+did。在这三个句型中,when引导的并列句,意为:就在这时(那时)突然....。
15.【2017·江苏卷】27.He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he_______.
A.was being followed B.was following
C.had been followed D.followed
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系,即他被别人跟踪,排除B/D;根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否被跟踪”,用过去进行时最合适,故选A。句意:他匆匆忙忙往家赶,就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。
16.【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he_______for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A.hasn’t qualified B.hadn’t qualified
C.doesn’t qualify D.wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for
sth达标,获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事,是客观事实,故选C。
17.【2017·北京卷】33.People______better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.
A.will have B.have C.had D.had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意:人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险,结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在,所以than前一句话是用现在的时间,而且后一句用的就是现在时态,所以前面也用现在时态,故选B。
18.【2017·北京卷】29.In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones_______yet.
A.haven’t invented B.haven’t been invented
C.hadn’t invented D.hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在美国20世纪50年代的时候,大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话,并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态,排除AC,事情发生在过去,与现在无关,不用现在完成时,排除B,故选D,过去完成时的被动语态。
19.【2017·北京卷】24.—______that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes.They are happy with it.
A.Did you call B.Have you called
C.Will you call D.Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意:--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样?--打了,他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday,发生在过去,肯定用过去式,故选A。
20.【2016·北京】21.Jack________in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A.works B.has worked C.was working D.would work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:突然断电时,杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知,这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情,断电时,杰克正在工作,综合用过去进行时,故选C。
21.【2016·北京】23.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars.We________here for more than two hours.
A.waited B.wait
C.would be waiting D.have been waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意:——打扰了,你们在等哪一部电影?——《星球大战》,我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用,根据语境可知,说话的时候仍然在等,因此用现在完成进行时,故选D。
22.【2016·北京】25.I________half of the English novel,and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半,周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响,用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去,到目前为止看了一半,故用完成时,故选B。
23.【2016·北京】30.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts________with success in the end.
A.rewarded B.were rewarded
C.will reward D.will be rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:学生们一直在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句意可知,回报是将来要发生的事情,应该用将来时;efforts和reward是被动关系,应该使用被动语态,故选D。
24.【2016·江苏】22.More efforts,as reported,______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A.are made B.will be made C.are being made D.have been made
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:正如报道的那样,在未来几年将做出的努力,以加速供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in the years ahead在未来的几年里”和将来时连用,且efforts与动词make构成被动关系,所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式,故B正确。
25.【2016·江苏】29.Dashan,who_________crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up
with the Western stand-up tradition.
A.will be learning B.is learning
C.had been learning D.has been learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是“for decades几十年来”,该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用,本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时,强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。
26.【2016·天津】3.When walking down the street,I came across David,when I_____for years.
A.didn’t see B.haven’t seen
C.hadn’t seen D.wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】句意:当沿着街道散步的时候,我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境,“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前,是过去的过去发生的动作,用过去完成时。故选C。
27.【2016·浙江】9.Silk______one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A.had become B.was becoming
C.has become D.is becoming
【答案】A
【解析】句意:到公元前100年为止,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+过去时间,谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
28.【2015·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party?
--Yes,we___by our hosts.
A.were treated B.would be treated.
C.treated D.had treated
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你喜欢这个聚会吗?——是的,我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时;且we和treated是动宾关系,用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选A。
29.【2015·北京】26.In the last few years,China___great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在过去的这些年里,中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响,用现在完成时。故选A。
30.【2015·北京】27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann'house?
—Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?
A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么?——不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向,并且我们很容易就找到了。根据题干可知,安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她家之前,因此,发生在过去动作之前的动作要采用过去完成时。故选B。
31.【2015·北京】30.—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I____him later.
A.will call B.have called C.call D will be calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的,我待会再打给他。由later可知,表示的是将来要执行的动作,用一般将来时。故选A。
32.【2015·重庆】1.—Is Peter coming?
—No,he____his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A.changes B.changed C.was changing D.had changed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:彼得来了吗?没有,刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去,故用一般过去时。
33.【2015·重庆】13.In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____cut.
A.will have been B.will be C.was D.has been
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在我的家乡,麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成,才会举行庆祝活动,故选D项。
34.【2015·浙江】8.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A.has been B.had been
C.was going to be D.was
【答案】C
【解析】句意:爱因斯坦出生于1879年,小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家,他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意,应该是表达过去将来时,所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时(用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响,往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间),B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词,而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生,那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时),C选项是过去进行时(过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作,另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来),D选项是过去时(表达过去的动作)。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would(will的过去时,用于过去将来时),分析可知答案就是C。
35.【2015·天津】9.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement______so far by the two sides.
A.has been reached B.was reached
C.will reach D.will have reached
【答案】A
【解析】句意:尽管之前多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系,根据句意可知选A。
36.【2015·天津】6.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she______a class at that time.
A.will teach B.would teach
C.has taught D.will be teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意:简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议,因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time,指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon,表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事,故用将来完成时。故选D。
37.【2015·四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A.are being built B.will be built C.have been built D.had been built
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。本句为时态题,根据时间状语soon可知,考查了将来时,故选择B。句意为:四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。
38.【2015·陕西】24.At college,Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.
A.was to become B.becomes
C.is to become D.became
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在大学的时候,奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情,所以选A。
39.【2015·陕西】22.Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A.worked B.has been working
C.had worked D.has worked
【答案】B
【解析】句意:Marty一直努力写书,我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。
40.【2015·福建】30.—Where is Peter?I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.
A.wrote B.had written C.has been writing D.is writing
【答案】C
【解析】考查现在完成进行时。根据句意:---彼得在那里,我哪儿都找不到他。---他在早餐过后就去了图书馆,然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆,从那个时候开始他就一直在写论文,这个动作一直延续到了现在,所以用现在完成时。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在。故选C
41.【2015·福建】26.To my delight,I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A.was chosen B.was being chosen
C.would choose D.had chosen
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意:让我高兴的是,我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态,又因为被选中是过去发生的事情,这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述,故用一般过去式,故选A。
42.【2015·江苏】30.The real reason why prices____,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A.were B.will be
C.have been D.had been
【答案】A
【解析】句意:过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂,简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下,故用一般过去时,表示过去的状态。故选A项。
43.【2015·安徽】29.It is reported that a space station______on the moon in years to come.
A.will be building B.will be built
C.has been building D.has been built
【答案】B
【解析】句意:据报道,人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时,space station和build是动宾关系,应该使用被动语态,故选B。
44.【2015·安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate,I realised I______my bank in the cafe.
A.have left B.had left C would leave D.was leaving
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我刚一到学校门口,就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that,这里是一个宾语从句,从句时态与主句保持一致,“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前,应该用过去完成时,故选B。
45.【2015·湖南】28.He must have sensed that I________him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,"Why are you staring at me like that?"
A.would look at B.looked at
C.was looking at D.am looking at
【答案】C
【解析】过去进行时,是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作,如果没有具体的时间,可以从意义上去把握。句意:他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道:“你为什么要那样盯着我看?”根据分析,此句在意义上应该用进行时,又根据此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时,故选C
II.语法填空
1.(2019全国I卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut_____(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【答案】have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。
2.(2019全国II卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene______(declare)she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had以及said可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。
3.(2019全国III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and_____(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended。
4.(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody______(have)to worry about fashion(时尚).
【答案】will have/has
【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will do;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nobody,谓语用has。故填will have/has。
5.(2019浙江卷)One study in America found that students'grades_____(improve)a little after the school introduced uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
6.(2018全国I卷)While running regularly can't make you live forever,the review says it(be)more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.is
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处,通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致,故用一般现在时;且宾语从句中的主语为it,故用is。
7.(2018全国II卷)Since 2011,the country(grow)more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知,此空应用现在完成时。
8.(2018全国II卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government______(start)a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知,此处叙述发生在过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故填started。
9.(2018全国III卷)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel(challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查时态。此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视,以便它不会感到受到挑战”,主语he和challenge构成被动关系,故填challenged。
10.(2018全国III卷)True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature,the huge animal(mean)me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生,故用一般过去时。
11.(2018浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I(shock)when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处表示“我感到很震惊”,shock与主语I为被动关系,同时根据后面的learnt可知,时态为一般过去时,所以填was shocked。句意:我还记得访问过一个住在这里5年的朋友,当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候,我很震惊。
12.【2018·浙江】While regularly eating out seems to___61___(become)common for many young people in recent years,it’s not without a cost.
【答案】have become
【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时,seems to后用动词原形,故填have become。
13.(2017全国I卷)When fat and salt(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【答案】are removed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时,由于主语fat and salt是复数概念,且与remove是被动关系,所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。句意:当脂肪和盐被从食物中除去时,食物的味道就好像它缺少某种东西一样。
14.(2017全国II卷)Steam engines(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】were used
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。steam engines与use是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。句意:用冒着烟雾和带有噪音的蒸汽机拉马车,这对乘客来说一定是相当不愉快的体验。
15.(2017全国II卷)Later,engineers(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.
【答案】managed
【解析】考查时态。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时。句意:后来,工程师们成功地在一个深挖隧道的系统中建造铁路,这种系统被称为地铁。
16.(2017全国III卷)Sarah(tell)that she could be Britain's new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.
【答案】has been told/was told
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境,萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿,可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。句意:有人告诉萨拉,她可能成为英国的新超级名模,下一年可以赚一百万美元。
17.(2017全国III卷)But at the moment,school(come)first.
【答案】comes
【解析】考查动词时态。此处为陈述客观事实,故用一般现在时。
18.【2017·浙江卷6月】Pahlsson and her husband 62.________(search)the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.“I gave up hope of finding my ring again,”she says.She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden.
【答案】searched【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语意可知,他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房,故填searched。
【答案】swept【解析】考查过去分词。此处是get done结构,表示被动,意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。
19.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
【答案】be made
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。be made根据语境可知,筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。
20.【2016·全国新课标I】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research,I_____62_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
【答案】was allowed
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物,be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”。
21.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49(be)too violent for use at the table.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。根据句意可知,这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用,believed后跟一个宾语从句,and连接了两个并列的谓语,主语knives是复数,根据时态一致的原则,这里用一般过去时,故填were。
22.【2016·上海】(B)In recent years,stress(33)______(regard)as a cause of a whole range of medical problems,from high blood pressure to mental illness.
【答案】has been regarded
【解析】考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来,该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用,且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系,所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。
23.【2016·四川】
The giant panda 41(love)by people throughout the world.
Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49(drive)the young panda away.
【答案】is loved【解析】句意:大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态,The giant panda是单数第三人称形式,故填is loved。
【答案】drove【解析】句意:然后,两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态,故填drove。
24.(2015·全国Ⅰ,61)It was raining lightly when I(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.
【答案】arrived
【解析】根据前后句时态可知,此处用一般过去时。
25.(2015·全国Ⅰ,67)Yangshuo(be)really beautiful.
【答案】is
【解析】这里表述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。
26.(2014·全国Ⅰ,61)It(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
【答案】was
【解析】此空应与后面的could在时态上保持一致,故用一般过去时。
27.(2015·全国Ⅱ,68)This cycle(go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night...
【答案】goes
【解析】此空应与后面的warm在时态上保持一致,故用一般现在时。
28.(2014·全国Ⅱ,65)A boy on a bike(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.
【答案】caught
【解析】根据下文中的was可知,该句谓语动词用一般过去时。
29.(2012·新课标Ⅰ,23)“Life is like walking in the snow,”Granny used to say,“because every step(show).”
【答案】shows
【解析】这句话说的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。
30.(2012·新课标Ⅱ,18)The manager(tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
【答案】has been telling
【解析】此处表示从九点钟一直持续并依然在进行的动作,故用现在完成进行时。
III.短文改错
1.(2019全国III卷)Though it may appear simple,it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
【答案】required改为requires
【解析】本句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把required改为requires。
2.(2018全国I卷)During my last winter holiday,I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.
【答案】find改为found
【解析】本句考查动词的时态。find改为found。考查时态。根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter holiday”可知,本文讲述作者去年寒假的故事。所以此处应用一般过去时,故把find改为found。句意:在去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下看望我的祖父母,我发现那里有很大的变化。
3.(2018全国II卷)Still I unwilling to play the game with them sometimes.
【答案】在I后加was
【解析】考查谓语动词。此句缺谓语动词,be unwilling to do sth.是固定用法,表示“不愿做某事”。结合语境和时态可知,应用一般过去时,故在I后加was。
4.(2018全国III卷)It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin.
【答案】begin改为begun
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处为过去完成时,故应用过去分词。
5.(2017全国I卷)Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructor's orders,but once I started the car,my mind goes blank.
【答案】goes→went
【解析】考查谓语动词。文章描述过去的经历,上下文均使用了相应的过去时态,这里应保持一致,用一般过去时,所以把goes改为went。句意:在上车之前,我以为我已经领会了教练的指令,但是一旦我发动了这辆车,我的头脑就变得空白了。
5.【2018·全国III】The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks,and mistakes as well.
【答案】includes
【解析】考查时态及主谓一致。that作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。
6.(2017全国II卷)When summer came,they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
【答案】came→comes
【解析】考查谓语动词。when引导的时间状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
7.(2017全国III卷)I had grown not only physically,but also mentally in the past few years.
【答案】had改为have
【解析】考查谓时态。由in the past few years可知句子要用现在完成时。
8.(2017全国III卷)About one month after this photo was taken,I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.
【答案】become改为became
【解析】考查谓时态。句子用了过去时,and连接并列谓语entered和became。故把become改为became
句意:在这张照片拍摄一个月后,我进入高中二年级,成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员。
9.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]once I started the car,my mind goes blank.
【答案】goes改为went
【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时,故将goes改为went。
10.【2016·全国新课标I】Some people even had to wait outside
【答案】had→have
【解析】考查动词时态。文章是介绍现在的情况,应该用一般现在时。
11.【2016·全国新课标II】We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.
【答案】chose改为choose
【解析】考查句子结构。“情态动词+动词原形”才可以在句中作为谓语部分,而本句中chose是过去式。
12.【2016·全国新课标III】They always tell me what to do and how to do it.
【答案】tell—told【解析】考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情,使用的一般过去时,故把tell改为told。
13.【2016·浙江】He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
【答案】was改成were
【解析】这句话的主语是we,谓语用复数,而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情,用一般过去时。故was改成were。
14.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.
【答案】think→thought这里用一般过去时,表示“过去认为”,故将think改为thought。
15.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
【答案】去掉been
【解析】主语与谓语为主动关系,这里不需要用被动语态。
16.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)We must found ways to protect our environment.
【答案】found→find
【解析】情态动词must后接动词原形。
17.(2015·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)Tony was scared and begun to cry.
【答案】begun→began
【解析】根据and前面的谓语动词的时态可知,此处应用一般过去时。
18.(2015·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.
【答案】telling→told
【解析】tell与前面的saw为并列谓语,故用一般过去时。
19.(2014·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
【答案】had→have
【解析】根据前面的Since then可知,此处需用现在完成时,故将had改为have。
20.(2014·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.
【答案】look→looks
【解析】该句主语是单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
21.(2014·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening to music.
【答案】sat→sit
【解析】根据连词or和情态动词can可知,or后面的动词应用原形。
22.(2013·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)I was only four when she passes away.
【答案】passes→passed
【解析】根据上下文时态一致原则,从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。
23.(2013·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.
【答案】drank→drunk
【解析】根据语境可知,此处应用drink的过去分词。